False past horizons30 In addition to international law, the agreement borrows from concepts fl oated in previous peace processes, including the Israeli- Egyptian Peace Treaty ( 1979) and the Tentative Taba Agreement of 2001. The document’s recommendations include: • Repatriation of artefacts excavated since 1967 in the Occupied Territories to the state in which they were originally found. Currently, the Israeli Archaeological Authority and the archaeology staff offi cer of the Israeli military’s Civil Administration maintain control of all archaeological material excavated in Israel and some from the West Bank. • Increasing the part of Jerusalem that would qualify for special protections as a UNESCO World Heritage Site to include the city’s boundaries during the 10th century, or roughly the era of the Crusades. Currently, such status extends to a one- third- square- mile area that includes the Temple Mount, the Western Wall and the walls of Jerusalem’s Old City. • Ceding control over archaeological sites and artefacts to the state in which they reside and prohibiting the destruction of archaeological sites because of their cultural or religions affi liations. • Consideration of archaeological sites that will straddle future international borders proposed under a peace plan to ensure these borders do not divide or harm archaeological remains. • Support for the establishment of museums, laboratories and storehouses for the protection, study and care of archaeological heritage where they currently do not exist, so that repatriation of materials to territories occupied by Israel in 1967 does not stall for the lack of such facilities. Palestinian archaeologists have already expressed support for the document’s provisions, which are now on fi le with the Israeli and Palestinian governments, the U. S. Department of State and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, who is now the offi cial envoy of the Middle East diplomatic ‘ quartet’ — the four outside entities ( the United Nations, European Union, United States and Russia) involved in mediating the peace process for the Israeli- Palestinian confl ict. Proposed Heritage Zone showing main sites and monuments

False 31past horizons Learn more: Video produced by University of Southern California Todd Schindler Office of Media Relations Chicago Tribune: http:// tinyurl. com/ 6jhvn2 ? UCLA International Institute: http:// tinyurl. com/ 64md9c ? Qidron Valley and the East Wall of Jerusalem ( credit: James Emery) Boytner, credited with initiating the project, and Dodd enlisted six of the region’s most prominent working archaeologists involving 10 institutions from around the world. To fund their activities, the team raised over $ 150,000 from a range of public and private donors, and met four times over three years, in three different countries. The stakes were particularly high for the three Palestinian and three Israeli archaeologists who lent their expertise to the project. “ People who participated did so at great risk, professional and personal, to themselves,” Boytner said. “ It’s not unheard of for Palestinians who are caught negotiating with Israelis to be treated as traitors and shot dead. “ For the Israelis, it’s not unheard of to be branded as traitors and therefore be denied positions or be fi red or basically blackballed.” So far only four participants — Rafi Greenberg, a lecturer in archaeology at Tel Aviv University; David Ilan, director of the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology at Hebrew Union College in Jerusalem; Ghattas Sayej, a Palestinian archaeologist working in Norway; and Nazmi el- Jubeh, co- director of Riwaq: The Centre for Architectural Conservation, Palestine — have agreed to be publicly identifi ed. The other two have remained anonymous fearing reprisals. “ The collaboration and investment in future peace made by our Israeli and Palestinian colleagues should be highlighted,” Dodd said. “ They are the ones who made the choice to envision a shared future by joining this process and working together. Their role as peacemakers deserves emphasis.” ? investment in future peace made by our Israeli and Palestinian colleagues should be highlighted